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WHAT IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY ? QU’EST CE QUE LE DÉVELOPPEMENT D’UN PAYS ?

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English version A developed country is a sovereign state with a high quality of life, a mature economy and advanced technological infrastructure. Unlike developing countries, these nations have stable and efficient economic and social indicators. The economy of a developed country is characterized by advanced industrialization and a predominant service sector. Developed countries generally have high GDP per capita, a strong currency, easy access to capital markets and low dependence on foreign aid. In these countries, the economy is not dependent on a single natural resource (such as oil), but is based on innovation, technology and high added value. Created by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Human Development Index is the most comprehensive tool because it does not stop at financial figures. It is based on three pillars: Health: Measured by life expectancy at birth. In a developed country, it often exceeds the age of 80 thanks to an efficient health system. Educati...
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IN POLITICS AS IN CINEMA, THERE ARE THE MAIN ACTORS AND THERE ARE EXTRAS! EN POLITIQUE COMME AU CINÉMA, IL Y A LES ACTEURS PRINCIPAUX ET IL Y A LES EXTRAS!

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English version Dear readers, in politics as in cinema, it’s all about casting. The roles are well defined and each participant knows exactly what is expected of him or her in the scenario in question. Dear readers, if we look carefully at our political scene, the analogy with the seventh art becomes self evident. Politics is a huge blockbuster where the line between reality and staging is often blurred. But to truly understand where the power lies, we must stop looking only at those who are in the light to be interested in the end credits. In this great institutional play, the cast is immutable. The headliner is CBON. His face is on all the posters, he monopolizes the airtime and delivers grandiloquent speeches on emergence or sovereignty. He carries the country on his shoulders. However, like any actor, he is often required to recite a text he has not written. His margin for improvisation is narrow: if he moves too far away from the script, the production gets impatient. The supporti...
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ALBERT ONDO OSSA SPEAKS ! ALBERT ONDO OSSA PARLE!

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AND IF LIKE ARTHUR RIMBAUD, WE LOOKED AT OUR DRUNKEN BOATS! ET SI COMME ARTHUR RIMBAUD, NOUS NOUS PENCHIONS SUR NOS BATEAUX IVRES!

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English version Arthur Rimbaud wrote his poem « Le Bateau Ivre » in 1871, at the age of 16, just after the bloody collapse of the Paris Commune (May 1871). The Drunken Boat is the cry of one who refuses to be guided by official speeches or authorities (ministers or institutions) to seek his own truth, even if this quest is perilous and sometimes ends in disenchantment (the « black puddle » at the end of the poem). It is, basically, the poem of subversion: the individual (or the citizen) who decides that the paths traced by others are no longer enough for him. The subversive character of the Bateau ivre lies not only in what it tells, but in the way in which it demolishes the foundations of thought of its time. The 19th century is the era of industrial revolution and triumphant capitalism. A boat is supposed to carry goods. Rimbaud’s boat gets rid of its goods (« flemish wheat », « English cotton »). This is a radical criticism of utilitarian socie...
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